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LATIN AMERICA | 13-11-2019 12:38

Economy in mind, Bolsonaro changes tack and cozies up to China

Gone is last year’s fiery campaign trail rhetoric about China being a rapacious power intent on exploiting Brazilian resources. China is, after all, Brazil’s biggest trading partner.

What a difference a year makes.

In the months before last year’s presidential election in Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro described China as predatory and thumbed his nose at the Chinese government by visiting Taiwan, Beijing’s arch-rival. Now, as a more pragmatic president, Bolsonaro welcomed Chinese President Xi Jinping to an international summit that begins Wednesday in Brasilia, the capital.

The first item on the agenda for Bolsonaro, a far-right leader who has sometimes tried to hang the Communist label on his political rivals in Brazil, is a bilateral meeting with Xi.

He received the Chinese leader at the Foreign Ministry with smiles and handshakes. It’s a sign of how Bolsonaro views China as critical to his ambitions to rejuvenate Brazil’s sluggish economy.

Gone is last year’s fiery campaign trail rhetoric about China being a rapacious power intent on exploiting Brazilian resources.

China is, after all, Brazil’s biggest trading partner.

As China expanded rapidly in the 2000s, eventually becoming the world’s second-largest economy, it relied on commodities from producers. Brazil, Latin America’s largest economy, shipped soybeans, iron ore and crude to satisfy China’s expanding appetite. Those three products account for more than 80 percent of Brazil’s exports to China.

Xi’s visit for a meeting of leaders of the BRICS emerging economies — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — is his first to Brazil since 2014. But his relationship with Bolsonaro already has been blossoming.

Just last month, Bolsonaro travelled to Beijing for economic and other accords, including the exemption of Chinese nationals from Brazil visa requirements. Xi received him at his car and they walked side-by-side on a long, red carpet.

“Bolsonaro discovered how important China is to Brazil and that he can do business with China. And he’s more or less happy with that,” said Maurício Santoro, professor of international relations at Rio de Janeiro’s state university.

Dependent

Before he became president, Bolsonaro praised the United States and President Donald Trump. He often said China can buy from Brazil, but not buy Brazil itself — rhetoric that continued for a while after he took office January 1.

The hostile remarks didn’t last, though.

Brazil is dependent on foreign investment, especially from China. Confirmed Chinese investments in Brazil between 2007 and 2018 totalled almost US$60 billion, more than any other Latin American country, according to the Brazil-China Business Council, a Brazilian research center. Investments faltered in 2018 ahead of Brazil’s election, part of a broader decline stemming from investor caution.

After Bolsonaro won the presidency, he took his first trip abroad to the US, then in the midst of a growing trade dispute with China. But Brazil didn’t get caught in the middle.

“Brazil has all the reasons to work with both countries and not pick sides,” said Pepe Zhang, associate China director at the Washington-based Atlantic Council. “So far, it’s doing a good job.”

In August, amid Western criticism of Brazil’s handling of fires raging in the Amazon, China defended Brazil. Bolsonaro described China’s support as “priceless.”

Not everyone is feeling the love. A group planned a pro-democracy protest in support of Hong Kong on Wednesday during the Bolsonaro-Xi bilateral meeting. 

Delicate

As Brazil-Chinese diplomacy advances, there are delicate issues to navigate.

The United States, for example, is pressuring the Brazilian government to exclude Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei from its auction next year to provide a 5G network. The US State Department says that Huawei poses cybersecurity risks and that it will review the way it shares intelligence about Venezuela with Brazil if Huawei is allowed to provide 5G service.

The US and Brazil consider Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro to be illegitimate and want him to resign. China, eager for repayment of the billions of dollars in oil-backed loans it extended to Maduro’s socialist administration, continues to support his regime.

Bolsonaro knows he won’t find common ground with Xi on Venezuela when they meet, and will likely focus on luring more Chinese investment and trade, said Santoro, the international relations professor.

Bolsonaro, a fringe lawmaker until his campaign, earned the nickname “Trump of the Tropics” for his rejection of politically correct discourse, and many of his supporters came to see him as a crusader willing to impose morality on a political system rife with corruption and a society suffering from violent crime.

One of his main challenges is boosting economic growth, with Brazil headed toward its third year of subdued activity after two years of deep recession. He handed the reins of economic policymaking to the University of Chicago-trained economist Paulo Guedes, who is taking steps to improve business conditions, reduce trade barriers of Brazil’s protected market, and carry out a vast privatisation programme.

Some Brazilians were concerned that Bolsonaro as president would assume a “bipolar vision of the world” and closely align with the US at the expense of China relations, said José Pio Borges, president of Cebri, a Brazilian research centre that studies China.

“Now, after all these reunions and initiatives, it’s clear that Brazil wants to have relationships with everyone,” Borges said.

by David Biller and Diane Jeantet, Associated Press

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