Chile to vote on new, more conservative constitution

Chileans will on Sunday vote in a second referendum aimed at replacing the country's dictatorship-era constitution, with analysts saying the new proposal is even more conservative than the existing charter.

The latest draft was overseen by the far-right Republican Party after voters roundly rejected a progressive version in September last year that attempted to enshrine environmental protections and the right to elective abortion.

Leftist President Gabriel Boric said last month it would be his last attempt to reform the constitution in order to focus on stability and long-term development.

Polls, banned in the two-week run-up to the referendum, have predicted another rejection.

The process to rewrite the 1980 constitution, adopted under the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship, began as a bid to ease mass protests that broke out in October 2019 against social inequality.

In a 2020 referendum, 80 percent voted for replacing the constitution.

However, four years after the protests erupted, enthusiasm has been dampened by the pandemic, inflation and economic stagnation, a growing sense of insecurity, and voter fatigue, say analysts.

"There is an atmosphere of great disenchantment, of little interest, little motivation, of fatigue with the constitutional issue," said political scientist Claudia Heiss from the University of Chile.

"People want more basic things: They want security, public order, more police on the streets; to return to normality after a couple of years of a very abnormal life," she added.

Chile's economic growth plummeted to 2.2 percent in 2022 and is expected to contract in 2023.

'Even more to the right'

The opposition has presented the vote as a referendum on Boric, who rode the wave of public discontent to be elected Chile's youngest-ever leader in late 2021 at 35.

Boric, whose approval has plummeted to around 30 percent, already suffered a setback in May when Chile's far-right Republican party came first in a nationwide vote to choose the members of the rewrite committee.

The 1980 constitution is widely blamed for making companies and the elite richer at the expense of the poor, working classes.

The first rewrite included stronger protections for Indigenous rights, proposals to protect natural resources such as water, and required women to hold at least half of positions in public institutions.

Heiss said the latest rewrite "falls between the 1980 constitution and one even more to the right," especially on issues like abortion and public safety.

The new version aims at enshrining the right to life from conception, which experts believe could lead to a challenge of existing laws.

Abortion was banned in Chile until 2017 when it was allowed in cases of rape, when the mother's life is at risk, or the foetus is declared unviable.

The new draft also allows for the expulsion in "the shortest possible time" of undocumented immigrants, with the right blaming rising crime on an influx of Venezuelans fleeing economic crisis in their country.

It also deepens schools' autonomy and allows for homeschooling. Instead of a general budget for schools, the state would allocate money per enrolled student.

Without financing, the desire for "free, quality public education" disappears, said Catalina Lufín, 22, president of the University of Chile's Student Federation.

The proposed constitution does for the first time recognize Indigenous peoples, which make up 12 percent of the population, but does not respond to their request for greater autonomy.