Washington launches financial rescue of Argentina as US Treasury buys pesos

The United States rushed to stabilise Argentina’s economy on Thursday, offering US$20 billion in financing and carrying out a rare intervention in currency markets to prop up the peso after weeks of sharp declines.

Washington has finalised a US$20-billion currency swap framework with Argentina’s Central Bank, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in a social media post. The US also directly purchased pesos, he said, a move that follows unsuccessful efforts by Argentine authorities to stabilise the exchange rate on their own.

Trump and Bessent are making a bet on a nation that’s defaulted and devalued repeatedly over the past several decades. The goal is to help their political ally President Javier Milei notch a win in October 26 midterm elections and calm markets unsettled by fears of his leftist rivals returning to power.

“The US Treasury is prepared, immediately, to take whatever exceptional measures are warranted to provide stability to markets,” Bessent said.

Milei welcomed the intervention, thanking Bessent and President Donald Trump in a post on X. “Together, as the closest of allies, we will make a hemisphere of economic freedom and prosperity,” he said.

‘Illiquidity’ trouble

Bessent characterised Argentina’s woes as “a moment of acute illiquidity,” suggesting he doesn’t see a fundamental issue with its ability to make good on its debt. It isn’t immediately clear what the US is asking of Argentina in return for its aid. Milei has denied that the US asked Argentina to get rid of a separate US$18-billion swap line with China.

While speculation had risen before Bessent’s announcement that the US might press Argentina to allow a free float of the peso, the Treasury chief said the country’s “exchange rate band remains fit for purpose.”

“Argentina’s policies, when anchored on fiscal discipline, are sound,” Bessent said. He also said he discussed potential investment incentives for US companies who may want to do business in Argentina.

Argentina’s dollar bonds jumped across the curve, with some of the nation’s most liquid notes up more than four cents on the dollar to session highs. The peso, which started the day down 2.7 percent as local authorities stayed out of the market for the first time in more than a week, ended 0.7 percent higher against the dollar.

Summit coming

Trump and Milei will meet at the White House October 14. in their second sit-down, after they held talks on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York in September.

The announcements follow several days of US discussions with Argentina’s economic team, including Economy Minister Luis Caputo, who had also met this week with International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva. Argentina is by far the Fund’s biggest debtor, owing some US$55 billion after a string of bailouts.

The new bilateral “swap” would likely be different from the swap lines that the Federal Reserve has with other developed-economy central banks, and more reminiscent of tools used by Washington to bail out Mexico three decades ago.

Although the US help may help stabilise Argentina’s volatile markets for now, it’s already been questioned on both sides of the aisle in Washington for conflicting with Trump’s “America First” agenda.

For his part, Milei has repeatedly said government isn’t the solution while wielding a chainsaw to symbolise federal spending cuts in Argentina. After promising to close his Central Bank during his campaign two years ago, the currency swap line now runs through it.

Trump’s financial lifeline for Milei comes on top of the US supporting a separate US$20-billion April agreement for Argentina with the IMF. That was Argentina’s third bailout from the fund since Trump’s first term.